Pages: 1-16

Published online: 2022-12-29

Abstract: Motto: “if you do not have general competences in life, you become a slave” (C.V. ICOCIU). Under the Treaty of Accession to the European Union, we have undertaken to ensure the mobility of workforce on the European common market. This involves training specialists who have the skills for the future and who can work in any Member State of the European Union, in accordance with the requirements of the labour market, but also taking into account the qualification and field of each one [13,16,17,18]. This paper demonstrates that the use of current instruments such as Europass, ISCO, ESCO, ISCED can define a European degree that can be completed, automatically recognized and equated in any market of a Member State of the Union. This requires the creation of a system model of study programs/common standards for broad ISCED fields that are complemented with a similar degree, regardless of the state in which it is obtained. At the same time, there is a need for a quality assurance system at European level, in different areas, to accompany education and training. The two systems together with the European qualifications system – the EQF must be a whole, that is, an integrated education and training system leading to a European degree – “European degree”, as said European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen. This European system leads to real labor market mobility.

Keywords: education and training system, labor market, quality assurance system, ESCO, ISCED

Pages: 17-24

Published online: 2022-12-29

Abstract: Fish is considered a valuable food product, due to its content rich in lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and especially in omega 3, which has a digestibility coefficient of about 97%. Nutritionists believe this type of meat should not be missing from the consumer’s daily diet, especially for children and the elderly, as it constitutes a third and a half of the daily protein requirement. Consumers prefer eating fish meat instead of other types of meat. Nowadays, fresh fish is preferred, followed by frozen fish, and then fish products are preserved by salting and smoking. To obtain marinated fish, frozen fish is used, especially mackerel. The purpose of this work is to identify and monitor the critical points in the technological flow in a fish processing unit and to identify pathogens with the potential risk that can affect the final product, implicitly the health of the consumer (E.coli, L.monocytogenes, Salmonella, Staphylococci, coagulase-positive, Anisakis). Implementing a HACCP plan in the units obtaining fish products has proven to be beneficial, both for the economic operator and the final consumers (4,5). By applying this food safety system, the consumer’s trust in products in this category increases, considering the fact that fish is a perishable product with a risk of contamination during the technological flow, regardless of the way it is marketed.

Keywords: marinated fish, CCP, Anisakis, HACCP plan, food safety

Pages: 25-36

Published online: 2022-12-29

Abstract: A specific questionnaire was developed to assess the operators’ ability to meet the requirements of the European recognition of the protected denomination or national attestation benchmarks (5 key factors). The questionnaire is followed by a model for quantifying the answers for each key factor (score from 1 to 20), total score of 100 points maximum. The score obtained was compared with a scale of recommendations regarding the possibilities of European recognition of the denomination or national attestation. The questionnaire was distributed to individual operators or associates in groups. At the time of the submission of the questionnaires, some of the respondents held national attestation or European protected denomination of the products (checking the evaluation method was taken into account). The results obtained for individual or associated operators, already national or European recognized for the denomination of the products, correspond to the proposed model.

Keywords: food products, model, attestation. recognition, questionnaire

Pages: 37-43

Published online: 2022-12-29

Abstract: In the circular economy, waste will become the main resource. As electrical and electronic waste is a sector with a major growth, it is imperative to develop policies and strategies that lead to increased collection of this type of waste. Most end-users lack knowledge of proper recycling or reuse, often disposing of electronic waste as household waste. Improper disposal threatens life and ecosystems. Electronic and electronic waste is a resource of rare materials but is also rich in toxic metals and other pollutants. Implementing an environmental management system at the level of companies selling WEE can help the compliance process of these companies.

Keywords: environmental management system, circular economy, electrical and electronic waste, Markov chain